Između rogova: jedan osvrt na kult i ritual kostolačke i vučedolske kulture
Between the Horns: An Overview of the Cult and Ritual of Kostolac and Vučedol Culture
Muzej vučedolske kulture
Vučedol Culture Museum
/
8. prosinca 2022.
December 8th 2022
11:35-11:55
Prezentacija se bavi pojavom sedlastih žrtvenika u eneolitičkim kulturama. Uz njihov tipološko-kronološki prikaz, pokušat ćemo pojasniti njihovo značenje i ulogu.
Sedlasti žrtvenici se dovode u vezu s kultom plodnosti i obožavanjem rogatih životinja. Ostaci žrtvenika na nekim se lokalitetima nalaze u sekundarnom položaju, među otpadnim materijalom u jamama. Nema tragova naknadnog popravka žrtvenika, kako je to činjeno s pojedinim posudama. Moguće je da je sam ritual zahtijevao (naknadno) uništavanje predmeta koji su korišteni tijekom njegova odvijanja. S druge strane, nalazi žrtvenika u pojedinim kućama unutar naselja, ukazuju na duboko ukorijenjenu ritualnu praksu, vezanu za kuću i obitelj.
Nijedno naselje kostolačko-vučedolske kulture nije istraženo u potpunosti. Stoga ne možemo govoriti o poznavanju ritualnog konteksta vezanog za širu zajednicu. Ovo bi podrazumijevalo potvrdu postojanja posebnih struktura i prostora namijenjenih vjerskim ritualima zajednice, kakvi su hramovi, žrtvene površine na otvorenom i ostaci ritualnih radnji. Budući da se podaci o ritualnom i vjerskom životu dobivaju na osnovi parcijalno istraženih naseobinskih površina, ograničeni smo na tipološki izdvojene predmete iz takva konteksta. Oni su definirani a priori, pretpostavljenom ulogom u ritualu i kultu, bez konkretnih dokaza.
The paper deals with the phaenomenon of the so-called saddle-shaped altars in Eneolithic cultures: along the typological-chronological development we will also try to explain their importance and role.
Saddle-type altars are usually connected with the role of the fertility cults and the worship of the horned animals. The remains of these altars at some sites are found in the secondary context, among the waste material in the pits. No traces of the repair marks have been found on these altars, commonly found on other pottery. It is possible that the ritual in itself demanded that the altar subsequently be destroyed. On the other hand, findings of these altars in houses within the settlement, show the deeply ingrained ritual practice, related to domestic and family life.
None of the Kostolac-Vučedol culture sites have been entirely explored. Therefore we cannot speak with certainty about our knowledge of ritual contexts pertaining to a wider community. For example, something that would imply the confirmation of existence of special structures and spaces intended for religious rituals of the community, such as temples, open-air sacrificial sites and the remains of ritual acts. Since we draw our information about ritual and religious life from only partially explored settlements, we are limited to typologically extrapolated objects from suchlike contexts. They are based on a priori assumptions about the role in the ritual and cult, without concrete evidence.