Transformacija vučedolske u vinkovačku kulturu u sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj
The Transformation of Vučedol Culture to Vinkovci Culture in Northwestern Croatia
-Zorko Marković- CRO
Gradski muzej Vukovar
Vukovar Municipal Museum
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9. prosinca 2022.
December 9th 2022
12:00-12:20
Marića-gradina kod Mikleuške u blizini Kutine pripada stupnju B-2 klasične vučedolske kulture po S. Dimitrijeviću, što je potvrđeno i istraživanjima Ane Bobovec devedesetih godina 20. st. No, istraživanjima Zorka Markovića 1978. i 1979. godine na lokalitetu Rudina 1 kod Koprivničke Rijeke, te kasnije Gorana Jakovljevića na lokalitetu Orovački vinogradi kod Bjelovara, dobiveni su podatci o nekoj netipičnoj materijalnoj kulturi, koja je isprva pribrojena kasnovučedolskoj varijanti ranoga brončanog doba (u nekoliko radova Zorka Markovića). No, u ponovnoj analizi materijalne kulture naselja Rudina 1 u godini 2015. moralo se ustanoviti da je ovaj specifični materijal ipak dio vinkovačke kulture u kojoj se još jako osjećaju i elementi kasne vučedolske kulture, a ne samo vinkovačke. Zbog niza specifičnih elemenata predložen je naziv Rudina-tip vinkovačke kulture druge polovice 3. tisućljeća prije Krista. Ova manifestacija obuhvaća i lokalitete Orovački vinogradi, Veliko Trojstvo i još neke u sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj.
Pravi vinkovački (i Somogyvar) elementi na Rudini 1 jesu cilindrične bočice, bikonične zdjele i vrčevi te vrčići s ručkom od oboda do bikoničnog ili zaobljenog trbuha, velika količina posuđa s barbotinom u donjemu dijelu posude nasuprot uglačanom vratu (osobito lonci i lončići), dok su male količine ukrašenoga finijeg ili izrazito finog posuđa povezane s tradicijom vučedolske kulture.
According to Stojan Dimitrijević, the site Marića Gradina near the village Mikleuška in the vicinity of the town Kutina belongs to the B-2 phase of the Vučedol culture, which was confirmed by the excavation of Ana Bobovec in the 1990s. The excavations of Zorko Marković in 1978 and 1979 at the site of Rudina 1 near the settlement Rijeka Koprivnička, and later at the excavations of Goran Jakovljević on the site Orovački Vinogradi near the city of Bjelovar, brought to light some new information about some atypical material culture, which was primarily attributed to later Vučedol phase of the Early Bronze Age (see papers by Zorko Marković). The revision of the material discovered at the site of Rudina 1 in the year 2015 confirmed that this specific material actually belongs to the Vinkovci culture, which still retains some elements of the late Vučedol culture. Due to a number of specific elements the term Rudina-type of Vinkovci culture of the second half of the 3rd millennium is being proposed. That particular cultural manifestation also includes the sites of Orovački Vinogradi, Veliko Trojstvo and several other sites in the Northwestern Croatia.
The authentic elements of the Vinkovci (and Somogyvar) culture at Rudina 1 are: cylindrical bottles and jugs, small jugs with handles attached from the orifice to the biconical or rounded belly, large amount of vessels treated with barbotine in the lower part vs. polished neck (particularly pots and smaller pots), while a smaller number of decorated finer or particularly fine vessels can be linked to the tradition of the Vučedol culture.